Introduction to Management : Business Studies Class 12 Study Materials

INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT
(A) CHIT-CHAT TIME

(In this conversation son (Krishh) is asking her mother (why she wakes up early in the morning?)So his mother is explaining, how she manages home and what are the different type of activities are required on a regular basis?)

Krishh : Good Morning MOM!

Mother : Very Good morning Krishh.

Krishh : Mom, Why do you always wake up early in the morning?

Mother: Dear, I have to perform many tasks like: To cook breakfast, clean home, To water plants in the garden and many other tasks.

Krishh : How do you perform all these activities alone?

Mother :No Dear, It is not possible for me to perform all these activities alone in effective and efficient manner.

Son : Effective and Efficient manner?

Mother : Look Krishh, If I complete all my tasks (like preparation of food, cleaning of house, etc.) in the given time frame then only I will be effective.

If I complete all my tasks with minimum wastage and in the minimum time then I will be efficient.

Son :

Okay! So how do you manage so many things?

Mother : Dear, for that I have to think in advance what is to be done, what is to be done, who is to do it?

(Planning)

I have to divide whole tasks into small jobs. Then I have to find out how many persons are required to perform these tasks on time because no one can perform all the activities alone.

(Staffing)

After deciding how many persons are required, I consult  your dad regarding selection of different housekeeping persons (Gardener, Cleaner and Maid)

After selecting these persons, I assign them duties e.g.

Maid     – cook food for breakfast, lunch and Dinner

Gardener – water and take care of plants regularly

Cleaner  – clean home on regular basis

(Organising)

Krishh : So Mom, after assigning all these works to these persons appointed. You can go for rest.

Mother : No, Dear It is not possible

Krishh : Why?

Mother : After assigning all the duties, I have to act like a leader because I have to guide, instruct and communicate these people that how these tasks should be performed.

It is necessary to oversee their work, inspire and motivate them at the time when they are performing their tasks.

(Directing)

Lastly when all these people perform their tasks, I check and evaluate their actual work done.

If work performed is not as per my expectations, then I suggest them how to make improvements.

(Controlling)

Son : Mom, You are brilliant manager of our home

Explore More: Business Studies Class 12 Notes

(B) LETS UNDERSTAND

(1) MANAGEMENT

• It is the process of getting things done through others with the aim of achieving goals effectively and efficiently.
• It is organization and coordination of different activities of the business in order to achieve organizational goals and objectives.
• It is a distinct intellectual activity consisting of several functionslike Planning, Organising, Directing, Controlling and staffing.
• The person who performs all these functions is known as Manager.

(2) PROCESS OF MANAGEMENT

• Planning:

• It is the intellectual process of deciding in advance what is to be done, when, where, how and for whom it is to be done.
• It bridges the gap from where we are to where we want to go.
• It is the primary function of management without which no other function can be performed.

• Organizing:

• Planning is just to put some idea in writing, but to convert that idea into reality organizing is required.
• It is the management function of assigning duties, grouping tasks, establishing reporting relationships and allocating resources required to carry out a specific plan.

• Staffing:

• It means finding the right man for the right job.
• It includes activities like>Recruitment>Selection

        >Placement

  >Training  and Development of personnel

• Directing:

• It is said to be the process in which managers instruct, guide and overseeing the performance of the workers to achieve predetermined goals
• Elements of Directing
       >Motivation>Leadership>Communication

  >Supervision

• Controlling:
• It is a function of monitoring organization performance towards the achievement oforganization goals
• It involves->Establishing standards of performance

   

  >Measuring actual performance

   

  >Comparing actual performance with standards

   

  >Taking corrective action for the deviation

   

Also Read: Understand Every bit of Business Studies

(2) EFFECTIVENESS VS. EFFICIENCY

• Effectiveness is about doing the right task, completing the assigned job on time, no matter whatever the cost.
• And on the other hand, Efficiency is about doing the job in cost effective manner i.e. getting maximum output with minimum input

(C) LET’S PRACTICE