Circles Class 10 Notes: Chapter 10

A brief introduction to circles for class 10 is provided here. Get the complete description provided here to learn about the concept of the circle. Also, learn how to draw a tangent to the circle with various theorems and examples.

Introduction to Circles

For More Information On Circles, Watch The Below Videos.

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Circle and line in a plane

For a circle and a line on a plane, there can be three possibilities.

i) they can be non-intersecting

ii) they can have a single common point: in this case, the line touches the circle.

ii) they can have two common points: in this case, the line cuts the circle.

Tangent

A tangent to a circle is a line that touches the circle at exactly one point. For every point on the circle, there is a unique tangent passing through it.

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Secant

A secant to a circle is a line that has two points in common with the circle. It cuts the circle at two points, forming a chord of the circle.

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Tangent as a special case of Secant

 The tangent to a circle can be seen as a special case of the secant when the two endpoints of its corresponding chord coincide.

Two parallel tangents at most for a given secant

For every given secant of a circle, there are exactly two tangents which are parallel to it and touches the circle at two diametrically opposite points.

Theorems

Tangent perpendicular to the radius at the point of contact

Theorem: The theorem states that “the tangent to the circle at any point is the perpendicular to the radius of the circle that passes through the point of contact”.

Here, O is the centre and $OP\perp XY$.

For More Information On Perpendicular Tangent Theorem, Watch The Below Video.

The number of tangents drawn from a given point

i) If the point is in an interior region of the circle, any line through that point will be a secant. So, no tangent can be drawn to a circle which passes through a point that lies inside it.

ii) When a point of tangency lies on the circle, there is exactly one tangent to a circle that passes through it.

iii) When the point lies outside of the circle, there are accurately two tangents to a circle through it

Length of a tangent

The length of the tangent from the point (Say P) to the circle is defined as the segment of the tangent from the external point P to the point of tangency I with the circle. In this case, PI is the tangent length.

Lengths of tangents drawn from an external point

Theorem: Two tangents are of equal length when the tangent is drawn from an external point to a circle.

$P{T}_1=P{T}_2$