The arithmetic operation is a branch of Mathematics that involves addition, subtraction, division and multiplication on all types of real numbers including integers.
Integers are a particular kind of numbers that include negative numbers, positive numbers and zero and no fractions. Arithmetic operations on integers and real numbers are similar that can be either positive or negative.
Rules for multiplication and division of integers are explained below.
Multiplication of Integers
By definition, multiplication is the repeated addition of numbers. But the rules for multiplication of integers are different from that of addition. It includes three possibilities. They are:
- Multiplication between two positive numbers,
- Multiplication between two negative numbers; and
- Multiplication between a positive number and a negative number.
The product of two integers with similar sign numbers will always be positive. This means the product of two positive numbers or two negative numbers will always be positive. While the product of a positive number and a negative number (integers with different signs) will always be negative.
Rules of Multiplication
| Type of Numbers | Operation | Result | Example |
| Positive x Positive | Multiply | Positive (+) | 1 x 5 = 5 |
| Negative x Negative | Multiply | Positive (+) | (-1) x (-5) = 5 |
| Positive x Negative | Multiply | Negative (-) | 1 x (-5) = -5 |
| Negative x Positive | Multiply | Negative (-) | (-1) x 5 = -5 |
In case of multiplication of integers, just multiply the numbers without the sign. Once the product is obtained give the sign according to the rule of multiplication given in the above table.
Since multiplication is commutative property i.e. -4
Note:
- If number of negative integers to multiply is odd, the product will be negative
(Ex:
- If number of negative integers to multiply is even, the product will be positive
(Ex:
Division of Integers
If multiplication is totaling of numbers, division is the distribution of numbers. Dividing integers is opposite operation of multiplication. But the rules for division of integers are same as multiplication rules.Though, it is not always necessary that the quotient will always be an integer.
Rule 1: The quotient of two positive integers will always be positive.
Rule 2: The quotient of two negative integers will always be positive.
Rule 3: The quotient of a positive integer and a negative integer will always be negative.
Rules for Dividing Integers
| Type of Numbers | Operation | Result | Example |
| Positive ÷ Positive | Divide | Positive (+) | 10 ÷ 5 = 2 |
| Negative ÷ Negative | Divide | Positive (+) | (-10) ÷ (-5) = 2 |
| Positive ÷ Negative | Divide | Negative (-) | 10 ÷ (-5) = -2 |
| Negative ÷ Positive | Divide | Negative (-) | (-10) ÷ 5 = -2 |
Same as multiplication, divide the integers without the sign, then give the sign according to the rule as given in the table. The division of two integers with the like signs gives positive quotient and the division of two integers with unlike signs gives negative quotient.
To solve more problems on the topic, download BYJU’S – The Learning App from Google Play Store and watch interactive videos. Also, take free tests to practice for exams.
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*By dividing (- 4) by which of the following number, the divisor is positive?*
1️⃣ 8
2️⃣ 6
3️⃣ -12
4️⃣ -2
By the rule of division of integers,
-ve ÷ -ve = +ve
Thus,
-4 ÷ -2 = 2
If we divide -4 by -12, we will not get a positive integer, but a fraction.
Hence, -2 is the correct answer.