What is the full form of TCP/IP?

The full form of TCP/IP is Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. It is a protocol or practices and regulations that control online communication between computers. Although TCP / IP is widely known as the entire internet protocol suite, it is one of the Internet Protocol Suite’s core protocols. It was established in 1978 by Vint Cerf & Bob Kahn.

For transmitting information over networks, TCP / IP is a widely used standard.

• In common terms, it is the collection of communication protocols that link network devices on the internet or that are used on the internet to link network system.
• It determines how, by end-to-end interactions, the information will be shared across the internet, including how the information should be organised into information bundles, addressed, received & sent at the target.
• The communication protocol could also be used to link network devices, like intranets or extranets in a private network.

How does Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol operate?

It comprises two main protocols, as the title indicates, Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

TCP enables applications to establish channels of communication via a network. It also allows a text to be split into various packets before they can be transmitted over the network and then arranged correctly at the destination network. So, it ensures the reliable transfer of information across the network. Besides, it also tests errors in the packets and demands for re-transmission if any errors are found.

IP(Internet Protocol)

The IP address informs the packets the path and path so that they reach the right endpoint. It has a technique that, after verifying the IPS address, allows gateway computers on the internet-connected network to forward the text. It’s like accordance of workers passing coal to a mining cart from a mine.

Layers of the TCP / IP model:

Based on its functionality, TCP / IP, that is a standard layered protocol suite comprising a collection of rules & procedures, is divided into four layers. Every layer has a particular protocol.

Application layer

The application layer contains all the protocols needed to communicate with the end-users directly.

Key protocols of application layers are

1. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
2. File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
3. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
4. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

Transport layer

The transport layer guarantees the delivery of the right message or information in the right sequence. The transport layer utilises the key protocols are

1. UDP(User Datagram Protocol)
2. TCP

Network access layer

It provides functionality for constructing and managing data packet.

Internet layer

It conducts two primary functions, using IP (Internet Protocol) routing & addressing. It indicates how to deliver the packet to its destination.